n
A chromosome that has the centromere very near to one end, and thus has a long arm, and a very short arm.
n
(genetics) The pairing of homologous telomeres during meiosis
n
(genetics) The fragmentation of one or more chromosomes (particularly all chromosomes), leading to an increased chromosome number but no additional genetic material.
adj
(genetics) Having two complete sets of chromosomes derived from two different species
n
(genetics) Conversion to allodiploid form
n
(genetics) duplication of genetic material in allopolyploids
adj
(cytology, genetics) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species
adj
(genetics) Having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species
n
(biology) The replication of the genome of an organism to form an allohexaploid
n
The condition of being allohexaploid
adj
(genetics) composed of cells from two or more genetically different embryos
n
Alternative form of alloploidization [Synonym of allopolyploidization]
n
Synonym of allopolyploidization
n
Synonym of allopolyploidy
adj
Alternative form of allopolyploid [(genetics) Having multiple complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species]
n
Alternative form of allopolyploidization [(genetics) The process of allopolyploid formation]
n
(genetics) The process of allopolyploid formation
n
(genetics) A form of polyploidy (having more than the usual number of chromosomes) that results from the interbreeding of different species.
n
(genetics) A sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behaviour.
n
(genetics) The meiotic pairing of nonhomologous chromosomes from an allopolyploid individual
n
(genetics) allogeneic tetraploidization; modification to become allotetraploid
adj
Converted to allotetraploid form
n
The quality of being allotetraploid.
adj
(genetics) allotetraploid
n
(genetics) Modification to allotetrapolyploid form
n
Such an organism or cell
adj
(genetics) Having a diploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents
n
(genetics) The process of becoming amphidiploid
adj
(genetics) Having a haploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents
n
(genetics) The condition of being amphiploid
adj
(genetics) Having a triploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents
n
Alternative form of aneuploidy [(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.]
n
(genetics) Modification of an organism such that it becomes aneuploid
n
(genetics) A substance that causes aneuploidy
n
(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.
n
(genetics) An organism having a mutation in a few chromosomes of a genome
n
(genetics) The condition of being aneupolyploid
n
(genetics) Chromosome variation within an individual organism.
n
(genetics) One of the two parts of a chromosome.
adj
(genetics) allopolyploid, and having one set of chromosomes (or one genome) in a more than diploid state
n
Alternative form of autosome [(genetics) Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.]
adj
(genetics) diploid as a result of duplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
n
(genetics) The process of becoming autodiploid
v
(genetics) To become autodiploid
n
(genetics) The condition of being autodiploid
adj
(genetics) hexaploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
adj
(genetics) pentaploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
adj
(genetics) Describing a cell (or individual) that has multiple copies of a set of haploid chromosomes from a single parent
n
(genetics) Conversion to autoploid form
n
(genetics) The condition of being autoploid
n
Alternative form of autopolyploidization [(genetics) The process or the result of becoming autopolyploid]
n
(genetics) The process or the result of becoming autopolyploid
n
The property of being autopolyploid.
n
(genetics) Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.
n
(genetics) The process, or the result of becoming autotetraploid
n
The property of being autotetraploid.
adj
(genetics) triploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
n
The condition of being autotriploid
n
A supernumerary or accessory chromosome, one that is not essential for the life of a species and does not occur in all individuals.
n
(biology) A sex chromosome inactivated by packing in heterochromatin.
n
(genetics) Any bivalent chromosome.
n
(genetics) After DNA replication, either of the two connected double-helix strands of a metaphase chromosome that separate during mitosis.
n
(genetics) A large, chaotic rearrangement of the genes of a chromosome
n
(genetics) The number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism
adj
(in combination) Having a specified kind or number of chromosomes.
adj
(genetics, especially in combination) Having a specified type or number of chromosomes
n
(genetics, pathology) A multiple of chromosomal rearrangements that is associated with some cancers.
n
(genetics) The simultaneous correction of two sites on DNA that were segregated wrongly during meiosis
n
The clumping of chromosomes or other forms of DNA
adj
(genetics) polyploid while appearing to be diploid
n
(genetics) The condition of being cryptopolyploid (being polyploid while appearing to be diploid)
n
(biology) A group of organisms that have the same number of chromosomes, and that can form fertile hybrids with each other.
adj
(genetics) having ten complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell
n
(genetics) The condition of being decaploid
n
The reversal of prior polyploidization
adj
That reverses the effect of polyploidization
n
A chromosome that has two centromeres.
adj
(genetics) Having two identical copies of each chromosome as a result of chromosome doubling
n
(genetics) A hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to two independent alleles
adj
(genetics) That has resulted from two paralogous diversions from a common ancestor
n
(genetics) A chromosome, containing four chromatids, produced by two rounds of DNA replication without normal chromosome separation
adj
(genetics) haplodiploid with the males being diploid
n
Alternative form of diploidization [(genetics) The repeated loss of chromosomes by a tetraploid organism to become diploid]
v
Alternative form of diploidize [To cause, or to undergo diploidization]
n
(genetics) The repeated loss of chromosomes by a tetraploid organism to become diploid
adj
(genetics) Modified by diploidization
n
(countable, genetics) An instance of being diploid.
n
(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation
n
(genetics) The homologous recombination of genes without meiosis in cyst nuclei
n
(genetics) An organism having a diploid number of chromosomes in its cells
adj
Having (or being in) a diploid phase
n
(genetics) A pair of homologous chromosomes
adj
Having one or more chromosomes present twice, but without having the entire genome doubled
adj
(genetics) Having a segment missing from two chromosomes
n
(biology) An organism whose cells have twelve complete sets of chromosomes.
n
(genetics) The process of becoming dodecaploid.
adj
Alternative form of dodecaploid [(genetics) Having twelve complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.]
adj
(genetics) Relating to, or exhibiting dysploidy
n
(genetics) Variation in the chromosome number in a population by less than a whole set of chromosomes, typically because of chromosomal rearrangements.
n
(genetics) hybridization that leads to endopolyploidy
n
The replication of chromosomes without the division of the cell nucleus; generates a polyploid nucleus
n
(genetics) The replication of chromosomes without mitotic cell division.
adj
(genetics) Both euploid and haploid
adj
(genetics) Both euploid and hexaploid
n
(genetics) The condition of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number for the species.
n
(genetics) Conversion to eupolyploid form
n
(genetics) The condition of being eupolyploid
n
A synonym for sex chromosome.
adj
(genetics) haploid and having all genetic material passed from the female parent
adj
(genetics) Having an abnormal haploid form
n
(genetics) the condition of being haploabnormal
n
(genetics) A haploid allele
n
A block of haplotypes that are rearranged during meiosis
n
depletion of haploid cells
adj
(genetics) Having the same haplotype
adj
Of or pertaining to a call having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
v
(genetics) To convert to haploid form
n
(biology) The process of halving the chromosomal content of a cell, creating a haploid cell.
n
Alternative form of haploidisation [(biology) The process of halving the chromosomal content of a cell, creating a haploid cell.]
n
(genetics) The state of being haploid
n
(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation
n
(genetics) A haplotype contig
adj
(genetics) Having the normal number of chromosomes characteristic of the organism's gametes
adj
(genetics) Having two copies of each gene
n
(biology) The halving of the number of chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in the haploid number
n
(genetics) A regulatory and RNA gene responsible for hand and opposable thumb development in humans.
adj
(genetics) Having some single copies of genes in an otherwise diploid cell or organism
n
(biology) Such a cell or organism.
n
The property of being heptaploid.
n
A band of a chromosome that has differential thickness to the surrounding ones
n
(genetics) A sex chromosome
n
(genetics) A cell or organism having such chromosomes
n
(genetics) The inheritance of a pair of non-identical chromosomes from one parent
n
(genetics) The state of being heteroploid.
n
Such a section of a chromosome
n
(genetics) sex chromosome
adj
(genetics) Having different telomeres at each end of a chromosome
n
A cell or organism that has such chromosomes
adj
Having sixteen complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.
n
Alternative form of hexaploidization [(biology) The replication of the genome of an organism to form a hexaploid.]
n
(biology) The replication of the genome of an organism to form a hexaploid.
n
The property of being hexaploid.
adj
(genetics) Synonym of hexaploid
n
(genetics) The condition of being hexapolyploid
n
Any one of six homologous chromosomes in an aneuploid complement.
n
A form of aneuploidy featuring the presence of six homologues of the same chromosome.
n
Alternative form of hexasome [Any one of six homologous chromosomes in an aneuploid complement.]
adj
(genetics) (of a chromosome) in which the centromere makes up the entire length (of the chromosome)
adj
(genetics) Relating to the entire DNA complement of the chromosome of an organism or population
n
Any cell or organism that has such chromosomes
adj
(biology) That produces, or contains, only one type of sex chromosome.
n
Two chromosomes that are identical, with the same genes.
adj
(genetics) Involving no change in number of chromosomes
adj
Alternative form of homoploid [(genetics) Involving no change in number of chromosomes]
adj
(genetics) Having the same type of telomere at each end of a chromosome
n
(genetics) a phenomenon in which high transposon mobility causes reduced fertility in hybrid progeny
n
(genetics) The severe compaction of chromosomes
adj
(genetics) Having more than the usual diploid number of chromosomes; hyperploid with respect to a diploid species genome.
n
The state of being hyperdiploid; hyperploidy in diploid organisms (including humans).
n
(genetics) Excessive duplication (typically of centrosomes)
adj
Having more than the haploid complement of chromosomes.
n
The state of having more than the haploid complement of chromosomes.
adj
(genetics) Having more than six complete sets of chromosomes in each cell
adj
(genetics) Having more than the usual pentaploid number of chromosomes
n
Conversion to hyperploid form
n
The condition of being hyperploid.
n
Excessive polyploidization
adj
(genetics) Having more than the usual tetraploid number of chromosomes; hyperploid with respect to a tetraploid species genome.
adj
(genetics) Having more than three sets of chromosomes
n
(genetics) Reduced aneuploidy
adj
(genetics) Having fewer than the diploid number of chromosomes
n
(nominalization) A hypohaploid organism.
n
The state of having less than the haploid complement of chromosomes.
adj
(genetics) Having fewer than five complete sets of chromosomes in each cell
adj
(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is less than an exact multiple of the haploid number
adj
(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is less than polyploid
adj
(genetics) having fewer than four times the haploid number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus
adj
(genetics) Having fewer than three chromosomes
n
(cytology) A sex chromosome.
adj
(genetics) Between bivalent chromosomes
adj
Alternative form of interchromosomal [(genetics) Occurring between chromosomes, or from one chromosome to another]
adj
Alternative form of interploidal [(genetics) Between cells or organisms that have different ploidies]
adj
(genetics) Within a bivalent chromosome
n
(genetics) A segment of DNA in the context of a chromosome that is reversed in orientation relative to a reference karyotype or genome.
adj
(genetics) Relating to a similar (sister) chromatid
n
(cytology) An abnormal chromosome in which one arm has been lost and replaced with an exact copy of the other arm.
n
(genetics) An isochromosome derived from another chromosome
n
(genetics) Used attributively to refer to lampbrush chromosomes
n
A chromosome greater than 40 megabases in size.
adj
(genetics) Partially diploid (having a second copy of only part of its genome)
n
(genetics) The condition of being merodiploid
adj
(genetics) Describing the attachment of one kinetochore to more than 2 centrosomes.
adj
mesopolyploid and hexaploid
adj
Synonym of mesopolyploid
adj
(genetics) That has become polyploid in more recent history
n
(genetics, biology) The sharing of large chromosomal regions with the same genes without preservation of order across species
adj
(genetics) That has become tetraploid in more recent history
n
(genetics) A metapolycentric centromere
adj
(genetics) in the middle of a bivalent chromosome
adj
(genetics) Having cells with different numbers of chromosomes. The genetically different cell populations usually arise from the same zygote (mosaicism) or, more rarely, they originate from different zygotes (chimerism).
n
(genetics) The state of being mixoploid.
adj
(genetics) Relating to one arm of a chromosome
n
(genetics) A monocentric chromosome
adj
Alternative form of monochromosomal [Relating to, or composed of a single chromosome]
adj
(botany) Describing a monoploid plant that is normally diploid
adj
(genetics) Having a single strand of nucleic acid
adj
(genetics) Having a single set of chromosomes.
n
(uncountable, genetics) The state of being monoploid, having one set of chromosomes.
adj
(genetics) Having a typical ploidy (for the species)
n
A genetic disorder with the presence of only one chromosome (instead of the typical two in humans) from a pair.
n
(genetics) An individual composed of two or more cell lines of different genetic or chromosomal constitution, but from the same zygote.
adj
Having multiple chromatids
n
(genetics) A cell or organism having multiple copies of each chromosome.
n
(genetics) The process of becoming multiploid
n
The state of being multiploid
adj
(genetics) Having three or more homologous chromosomes during meiosis
n
(genetics) Any multivalent chromosome.
n
A newly-formed allopolyploid
n
Such an organism (typically, a plant)
n
(genetics) A newly-formed autopolyploid
n
(genetics) A newly-formed autotetraploid
n
A chromosome that does not occur normally in nature; especially one associated with a cancer
n
Any newly-formed polyploid
n
The condition of being a neopolyploid
n
(genetics) A newly-formed tetraploid
adj
(genetics) Not aneuploid; euploid
adj
(genetics) polyploid to the extent of having nine sets of chromosomes in each cell
n
(genetics) The failure of chromosome dyads or tetrads to separate properly during meiosis or mitosis.
adj
(genetics) Describing a cell that has no chromosomes
n
(genetics) The condition of being nulliploid
n
(genetics) A genetic condition involving the lack of one of the normal chromosomal pairs for a species (2n-2)
adj
Alternative form of octoploid [(genetics) having eight complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell]
n
Alternative form of octoploidy [(genetics) The condition of being octoploid]
n
Any one of eight homologous chromosomes in an aneuploid complement
adj
(genetics) having eight complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell
n
(genetics) Modification to become octoploid
n
(genetics) The condition of being octoploid
adj
(genetics) Having a few more than the usual number of sets of chromosomes in each cell
adj
(dated, biology) euploid
n
(genetics) The abnormal or artificial expression of a gene in increased quantity
n
The development of polyploid organisms in the geologic past
adj
(genetics) Describing ancient hexaploid organisms that originated as a result of paleopolyploidy
n
(biology) hexaploidisation that occurred in prehistoric times
n
The condition of being paleohexaploid
adj
(genetics) Having the ploidy that the organism had in the distant past
n
An ancient polyploid organism
n
Alternative form of palaeopolyploidization [The development of polyploid organisms in the geologic past]
n
(genetics) Polyploidy that occurred in the distant past.
adj
(genetics) That became tetraploid in the distant past
n
(genetics) Conversion to a paleotetraploid form
n
The condition of being paleotetraploid
adj
(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than diploid
adj
(genetics) Describing a male diploid organism whose parental genes are inactivated by heterochromatization
adj
(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than triploid
n
The condition of being pentaploid
adj
(genetics) Having five copies of a particular chromosome.
n
(genetics) The quality of being pentasomic.
n
(genetics) The Philadelphia chromosome.
n
Human chromosome 22, after it has, pathologically, traded some of its genetic material with chromosome 9; this often causes chronic myelogenous leukemia.
v
To multiply the numbers of chromosomes in a cell
n
(genetics) The number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a cell.
adj
(genetics) Lacking a definite ploidy
n
(genetics) (of a chromosomes, etc) the existence of multiple central parts
adj
(genetics) Having many unpaired chromosomes
adj
(genetics) Having multiple copies of each chromosome
adj
Alternative form of polyploid [(genetics) Having more than the usual number of complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.]
n
Alternative form of polyploidization [(genetics) hybridization that leads to polyploidy]
n
(genetics) hybridization that leads to polyploidy
v
(transitive, intransitive) To subject to, or undergo, polyploidization.
adj
(biology) That induces polyploidization
n
(uncountable, genetics) The condition of being polyploid or the process of becoming polyploid.
adj
(genetics) Having both polyploid and diploid cells in the same tissue
n
(genetics) The condition of a cell having reduplicated chromatin in its nucleus
adj
Having one or more duplicated chromosomes beyond the normal diploid complement
adj
(genetics) Alternative form of polytene [(molecular biology) Having very large chromosomes with many chromatids (arms).]
n
(molecular biology) The presence within a cell of polytene chromosomes (large chromosomes with multiple synapsed chromatids)
adj
(genetics) Formed prior to genome duplication
n
A pseudomolecule representing a chromosome.
adj
(genetics) diploid, but with chromosomal translocations
n
(genetics) The condition of being pseudodiploid
n
Alternative form of pseudogenization [(genetics) The conversion of a gene into a pseudogene.]
adj
(genetics) haploid, but with chromosomal translocations
adj
(genetics) Apparently tetraploid (but actually doubly diploid)
n
The condition of being pseudotetraploid
n
Alternative form of tetraploid [A tetraploid cell.]
n
(genetics) Such a chromosome
n
(genetics) Any quadrivalent chromosome
n
The evolutionary process that gives rise to polyploid species.
n
Alternative form of rediploidisation [The evolutionary process that gives rise to polyploid species.]
v
To return to diploid form
n
A chromosome whose arms have fused together to form a ring.
n
(genetics) The separation of a pair of chromatids or chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
n
A DNA sequence that spreads by forming additional copies of itself within the genome and makes no specific contribution to the reproductive success of its host organism.
n
(genetics) either of a pair of chromosomes (in most animals and plants) whose combination determines the sexual characteristics of an individual.
n
(genetics) Either of the two chromatids of a replicated chromosome.
n
(biochemistry) the sex-determining region on Y chromosome gene
adj
Describing any structure that is a small part of a chromosome
adj
(genetics) Having fewer than two chromosomes, typically as a result of apoptosis
adj
(cytology) (of a chromosome) having the centromere between one end and the middle, and thus having a long arm, and a short arm
adj
(genetics) Having fewer than four chromosomes, typically as a result of apoptosis
adj
(genetics) Describing the inheritance of entire chromosomes rather than just genes
n
(genetics) ploidy as a result of partial or complete fusion of a set of chromosomes
n
The association of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes during the initial part of meiosis.
adj
(genetics) Describing a chromosome orientation in which both sister kinetochores are attached to the same spindle
n
(genetics) A chromosome of this kind.
adj
(genetics) That migrates toward the telomere of a chromosome
adj
(genetics) having one segment of a chromosome missing
adj
(genetics) Having an extra chromosome segment
n
Alternative form of terminalization [(genetics) The movement of the bonds towards the ends of paired chromosomes during meiosis]
n
(genetics) The movement of the bonds towards the ends of paired chromosomes during meiosis
n
(biology) Two pairs of sister chromatids (a dyad pair) aligned in a certain way and often on the equatorial plane during the meiosis process.
adj
Alternative form of tetraploid [(genetics) Having four sets of chromosomes.]
adj
(genetics) That has resulted from four paralogous diversions from a common ancestor
n
Alternative form of tetraploidization [(genetics) The doubling of chromosomes to produce tetraploidy]
n
Alternative form of tetraploidy [(uncountable, genetics) The state of being tetraploid, having four sets of chromosomes.]
n
(genetics) The doubling of chromosomes to produce tetraploidy
v
(genetics) To modify by tetraploidization
n
(countable, genetics) An instance of being tetraploid.
adj
Alternative form of tetraploid [(genetics) Having four sets of chromosomes.]
adj
(genetics) Alternative form of tetrasomic [(genetics) Having four copies of a particular chromosome]
n
(genetics) A complex of four homologous chromosomes formed during meiosis
adj
(genetics) Having four copies of a particular chromosome
n
(genetics) The condition of being tetrasomic
n
(genetics) A tetrad of two parental and two recombinant genotypes
n
(genetics) A cleavage site on a chromosome
adj
(genetics) Describing a cell or individual having one or more chromosomes (or fragments) transferred from a different species.
adj
(genetics) Having thirteen complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell
n
(genetics) Alternative form of triploidization [(genetics) The conversion of a diploid or tetraploid organism into a triploid one]
n
(genetics) The conversion of a diploid or tetraploid organism into a triploid one
v
(genetics) To convert to triploid form
n
(countable, genetics) An instance of being triploid.
adj
(genetics, of a region of a chromosome) lethal if triploid
n
(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having an extra copy of a particular gene
n
(cytology) A chromosome which is represented three times instead of the usual two.
n
(cytology) The presence of three copies, instead of the normal two, of a particular chromosome of an organism.
n
The presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome in the karyotype.
n
(genetics) Any trivalent chromosome
n
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.
adj
(biochemistry, of a chromatid) having a single duplex of DNA
adj
(genetics) Of, or relating to, a chromosome that is not paired with its homologous chromosome during synapsis.
n
(genetics) A form of polyploidy in which an organism has duplicate copies of its entire genome
n
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.
n
(genetics) Alternative spelling of X chromosome [(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.]
n
Tetrasomy X, a rare chromosomal disorder affecting females, caused by the presence of four X chromosomes instead of two present in the usual human karyotype.
n
An aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y chromosome, giving a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46; the condition is associated with learning difficulties and above-average height.
n
(uncountable) A configuration of DNA in cells, left-hand twisting double helix, that takes up a zigzagging form due to the natural right-hand twisting tendency of DNA.
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