(geology, archaeology) A mixing process in clay rich soils subjected to cycles of wet and dry, whereby the soil expands when wet and contracts as it dries, causing soil, stones and artefacts to move up and down.
(geology) A large mass of rock in the place of its original formation, rooted to its basement (foundation rock) as opposed to an allochthon or nappe which has shifted from the place of formation; an autochthonous rock formation.
(oceanography) The process by which two masses of water with different temperatures and salinities mix to form a new water mass with a density higher than the density of either parent water mass; also, the sinking of the new water mass as the effect of its increased density.
(geology) A very large-scale lithostratigraphic sequence in the rock record that represents a complete cycle of marine transgression and regression on a craton over a geologic time scale.
(geology) The second of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup of geological strata in southern Africa. It mainly follows conformably after the Dwyka Group in some sections, but in some localities overlying unconformably over much older basement rocks.
a hot spring, on the floor of the ocean, mostly along the central axes of the mid-ocean ridges, where heated fluids emerge from fissures in the Earth's crust.
(geology) A stratotype designated after the holostratotype as an additional example of a stratigraphic unit, usually in a different geographic context.
(geology) A relatively conformable, genetically related succession of beds and bedsets bounded by marine flooding surfaces and their correlative surfaces.
A suite of rocks containing a variety of separate strata, with an overall lithology that can be used to interpret the paleoenvironment of deposition over a certain period.
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