(epidemiology) The expected number of infection cases to be directly infected by an infected individual, given a population that is equally susceptible.
(epidemiology) A group of nine principles, widely used in public health research, that can be useful in establishing epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect.
(pathology) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.
(medicine) A cause for an effect in a system that is not a constituent of that system, especially causes of personal health problems or death, such as poison, weapon wounds, or accident.
(epidemiology) The first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population or the first case of interest in an epidemiological investigation; the case of patient zero.
Any of four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease: (i) the microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms; (ii) it must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture; (iii) the cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism; (iv) the microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.
An unaffected carrier of cancer, who has not been diagnosed with it but has survived the predisposition, or higher risk, due to certain genetic mutations.
(virology) A phenomenon that can develop during a pandemic where after a group recovers and infections appear to decrease, another group becomes infected and causes a recurrence in cases.
(pathology) In epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases, the time period between the onset of symptoms with the primary patient and the onset of symptoms with the secondary patient (infected by primary).
(medicine) The time between first infection and detectability.
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